1Identify and describe the essential mineral nutrients required for plant growth.

2Recognize the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies and toxicities in plants and understand the underlying physiological and biochemical changes.

3Understand the mechanisms of nutrient uptake from the soil by roots, the role of root hairs, mycorrhizal associations, and the transport of nutrients within the plant through xylem and phloem.

4Comprehend the biochemical pathways and processes through which plants assimilate and utilize nutrients.

5Explore the signaling mechanisms that regulate nutrient uptake and utilization, including sensing mechanisms, gene expression, and hormonal responses.