1Explain the inflammatory response to acute and chronic injury.

2Select the appropriate modality according to treatment goals and objectives.

3Compare the prevailing pain control theories and associated rationale for the selection and use of therapeutic modalities for the control of acute and chronic pain.

4Evaluate the physical properties, biophysics, set-up, indications, contraindications, and specific physiological effects associated with the application of superficial cold and heat; stimulating electrical currents; diathermy; therapeutic ultrasound; intermittent compression units; iontophoresis; traction; massage; biofeedback; and LASER.

5Administer contemporary therapeutic modalities to a patient using clinically acceptable procedures including patient preparation, set-up, determination of dosage, and operational procedures according to established guidelines.

6Inspect therapeutic equipment and the treatment environment.

7Identify various standards that influence the approval, operation, inspection, maintenance and safe application of therapeutic equipment.

8Use a systemic approach to create and answer a clinical question.

9Summarize differences between narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis.

10Search for, find, and document the best evidence to support a problem or clinical problem.

11Develop a Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) that includes a PICO, creating a search strategy (search terms), using databases to find evidence, appraising evidence, determining levels of evidence, analyzing and synthesizing evidence, and determining a clinical bottom line.

12Present a Critically Appraised Topic using professional communication skills.