1Explain correct preparation of the surgical site, draping and procedures for maintaining aseptic technique.

2Identify commonly used surgical instruments, suture materials, and suture patterns and explain the indications for their use.

3Explain the indications, procedures and complications of surgical procedures common in general practice such as ovariectomy, ovariohysterectomy, castration, cesarean-section/hysterotomy, enterotomy, gastrotomy, and cystotomy.

4Recognize the clinical signs associated with common surgical diseases of the upper airway, ear, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract and formulate appropriate diagnostic and treatment plans.

5Explain principles for surgical management of tumors.

6Recognize different types of wounds and recommend appropriate steps for initial wound management.

7Describe the process of bone healing and explain the principles of fracture fixation to optimize bone healing.

8Describe fractures based on type, classification and location.

9Explain the diagnosis, perioperative management, and treatment options for common fractures and joint injuries involving appendicular bones and mandible.

10Formulate a diagnostic plan for common orthopedic diseases.

11Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of developmental and degenerative joint diseases of dogs.

12Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of developmental and acquired multicentric diseases of the long bones of dogs.

13Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of more common musculotendinous conditions.

14Explain the indications, principles and anticipated outcomes for amputations, arthrodesis, and limb salvage procedures.

15Describe the basic principles, modalities, goals, and anticipated outcomes of current physical therapy and rehabilitation therapies.