1Understand the physical, biological, biochemical, and physiological parameters that influence herbicide efficacy from the start to the end of the herbicide mode of action process in plants.

2Demonstrate the unique differences in the practical use and plant activity of the major herbicide mode of action groups used in the United States.

3Explain the development of herbicide-resistant crops, the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, and apply this knowledge to describe how these factors influence modern weed management practices.

4Provide a technical analysis comparing the mode of action for herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides and the factors involved with management of pest resistance for these different pesticide groups.